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Learn the importance of creating two separate sales funnels: 1. a sales forecast funnel and 2. a sales outreach funnel.
A former MongoDB sales account executive told me his story of covering a territory that spanned a few states on the East Coast. At the time, the open-source version of the product had about 40 million downloads. With a little hard work, there were endless opportunities for this sales exec to get meetings with users/companies that loved the product. That said, since Mongo is an open-source product, there were only a few use cases where users/companies would actually pay for it.
After weeks of cold calling, emailing, and meeting with prospects in his territory, he felt good watching the number of meetings and pipeline continue to rise. Then, in the last two weeks of the quarter, when everything was on the line, a lot of those prospects informed me that they decided to continue using the product for free — essentially, invalidating his forecast. Here he was with the most net new meetings and pipeline on the team, but with the lowest amount of closed business (also known as annual contract value or ACV) that quarter to show for it.
2 costly mistakes that can easily get a seller fired or a founder in trouble:
1. Confusing lots of activity (meetings) with progress (qualified opportunities)
2. Not using a defined and repeatable qualification process
If this salesperson had been using a qualification process from the start, he would have uncovered that a majority of those opportunities in his pipeline never had a compelling reason to convert to paying customers.
Fixing these two areas — qualified opportunities > more meetings and using a repeatable, scalable qualification process — were critical adjustments that allowed him to go from the bottom half of sales reps to the No. 1 rep in North America that year.
Here's an outline of how early-stage founders can experience a similar transformation from many meetings with little closed business to clear definitions of what a qualified opportunity is and a process to meet/exceed sales targets.
As an entrepreneur, when you receive your first round of funding, you become a first-time salesperson at the same moment you become a first-time CEO/CPO/CTO. Therefore, like any salesperson, you now have a revenue target to hit and need to set up your sales go-to-market process, which includes organizing your meetings by stage.
Most founders start by running searches about how to structure a sales funnel, or they might recall examples from their previous companies, and the results usually look something like this:
Below is a more simplified version:
Then, the team along with their board typically set a goal for a number of meetings (aka, the “top of the funnel”) for the next quarter with the idea that, if they can get a certain number of meetings, it will naturally lead to a number of opportunities, then POCs, and then paying customers.
So, founders do what most people would do — they reach out to any and all contacts in their network, ask for introductions to second- and third-level connections, do some cold outreach, and/or potentially use an internal SDR or outsourced lead-gen firm.
When the next board meeting happens at the end of the quarter, the founders pull up their sales forecast and talk about positive traction, represented by a ton of meetings, which could look like this:
Stop: Can you identify what’s wrong with the above forecast?
Including meetings in your sales forecast funnel is one of the most common examples of confusing activity with progress
In the funnel above, the difference between a meeting and a qualified opportunity is that the latter has made it through your qualification process while the former has not yet answered the necessary qualifying questions to be considered an opportunity; it was merely a conversation with a new prospect.
It’s very common for founders and board members to stare at versions of this funnel where the number of meetings is 5x or 10x the amount of qualified opportunities. Detailing what good conversion metrics look like and how to review a forecast deserves its own separate post, but the biggest takeaway here is meetings should never be represented in a sales forecast funnel.
By including meetings here, you potentially give yourself, your team, and your board a false sense of progress by focusing on the high number of meetings (activity) and not the low number of qualified opportunities/POCs (progress).
Note: The number of meetings should be represented in a sales outreach funnel.
So, next time you prepare a sales forecast slide for a board meeting or team review, it could look like this:
[Takes off rose-colored glasses and squints] Do you feel the difference in the sense of urgency around creating more qualified opportunities, aka “top of the funnel,” when you take out the number of overall meetings?
All of this is not to say that meetings are not important — meetings are crucial, but should be seen as a sales outreach metric and not a forecast component. Separating them forces you and your team to track all other associated outreach metrics to see where there might be areas for improvement:
Then, if you show both side-by-side in a deck, you can also analyze the conversion rate of meetings to qualified opportunities (8 out of 56 in this case, or 14%) which is an important conversion metric:
Now, being able to separate meetings and qualified opportunities into two separate funnels is predicated on having a process to do so.
There are numerous qualification methods you can research and apply, and some may be better for your product/industry/buyer persona than others (I personally like MEDDPICC).
The key isn’t so much which method you choose. The key is having a method you adhere to and stick with for every opportunity, company-wide.
Your process can evolve along the way, and it will, but there needs to be agreement across everyone involved in customer acquisition on what a qualified opportunity means at your company, so you can speak a common language when reviewing/discussing deals.
Below (and in the accompanying tool) I'll outline my take on qualification criteria that early-stage founders can use for every opportunity, which are also generally applicable across industries, products, buyers, etc.
For every qualified opportunity, you need to be able to fully answer the first four questions:
I’ve “mandated” the first four questions in order for an opportunity to be considered qualified since they are the building blocks of any sales opportunity. The qualifying components after those (5–9) can be discovered as you progress through the sales stages, but the first four are the hurdle you need to clear for a meeting to become qualified.
I’ve included detailed definitions for each qualification criteria in this accompanying tool (below), which I encourage you to look through and apply to your current opportunities/pipeline.
Once you’ve checked off the qualifying aspects you know for each opportunity, I would sort them by the “Score” from highest to lowest, prioritizing ones where you know the most information (closest to new revenue) and working your way down to those where you know the least (furthest from new revenue).
How you spend your time and where you spend your time in any given quarter will determine its results, so utilizing a systematic way to qualify your time (i.e., should I keep engaging with this prospect?), and therefore your opportunities (based on what I know, what is the chance they turn into a paying customer this quarter or next?) is a great first step to directing your time where to go instead of wondering where it went.
